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Studies have shown that Glycerol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide give good structural preservation for cryo-protectants, but they also cause gross physical damage to cells, and they should not be used in microanalytical studies. For better results, high-molecular-weight nonpenetrating cryoprotectants such as polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) can give good morphological preservation, and only cause minimal perturbation to the functional physiology of the tissue.
Sauberman, A.J., Riley, W., and Echlin, p. 1977a SEM/1977/I,II T Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, p.347